WI-FI Hacking Notes

Wireless Adapter Connection to Kali Linux
When performing Wi-Fi penetration testing with Kali Linux, it’s essential to use a wireless
adapter that supports monitor mode and packet injection. Below is a guide on connecting a
wireless adapter to Kali and ensuring it’s ready for penetration testing.

1. Connecting the Wireless Adapter to Kali Linux
   Steps:
2. Plug in the Wireless Adapter: Insert the wireless adapter into a USB port on your
   computer or laptop running Kali Linux.
3. Check if Kali Recognizes the Adapter:

• Open a terminal and type the command:
• lsusb
• This command lists all USB devices connected to your system. Look for an entry
  related to your wireless adapter (e.g., “Realtek Semiconductor Corp.” or “Atheros
  Communications, Inc.”).

1. Ensure the Adapter is Enabled:

• To check if your wireless adapter is recognized and enabled, use:
• ifconfig
• Look for an interface named something like wlan0, wlan1, etc. This represents your
  wireless interface.

1. Installing Drivers (If Needed):

• Most wireless adapters work out-of-the-box with Kali Linux, but in some cases, you
  might need to install drivers. If your adapter is not recognized, you may need to install
  the appropriate drivers for your wireless chipset.
• For example, for Realtek chipsets:
• sudo apt-get update
• sudo apt-get install realtek-rtl88xxau-dkms

1. Testing Monitor Mode Capabilities
   Monitor mode allows your wireless adapter to capture all packets on a network, even those
   not addressed to your device. Here’s how to enable and test it:

1. Enable Monitor Mode:

• Use airmon-ng to enable monitor mode on your wireless adapter.
• sudo airmon-ng start wlan0
• This command will change the mode of the interface from wlan0 to something like
  wlan0mon (monitor mode).

1. Check Monitor Mode:

• To verify that your adapter is in monitor mode, use:
• iwconfig
• Look for your interface (wlan0mon). It should now be listed with Mode: Monitor.

1. Start Capturing Packets:

• Test the monitor mode by capturing packets with airodump-ng.
• sudo airodump-ng wlan0mon
• This command should start showing you all the wireless networks in the vicinity.
  Understanding MAC Address

1. What is a MAC Address?

• MAC (Media Access Control) Address: A unique identifier assigned to network
  interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment.
• Format: Typically displayed as six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by
  colons (e.g., 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
  Key Points:
• Permanence: MAC addresses are usually hardcoded into a device’s network interface
  card (NIC) by the manufacturer.
• Uniqueness: Each device’s MAC address should be unique, though some devices
  allow MAC address spoofing.

1. Finding Your MAC Address
   Commands:

• To find the MAC address of your wireless adapter:
• ifconfig wlan0 | grep ether
• This command will output something like:
• mathematical
• ether 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

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